There seems to be no logic to the sanctions that FINRA imposes on individual broker-dealer employees. How is it that the sanction in this case—the monetary penalty and the suspension—is barely more severe than the penalty imposed on a broker who costs elderly customers far more money?

Firms should warn their employees about a significant trend in enforcement actions against brokers failing to make proper disclosure of outside business activities.  

Elimination of the threat of a disparate impact charge is particularly significant with respect to banks and other credit institutions use of AI. For example, a bank could be found liable if AI made a credit decision that the bank could not explain (often inherent in AI), leading to a disparate impact charge.  

The very tough challenge will be to define the conditions under which an asset born as a security matures into a commodity.